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  1. 渉外離婚
渉外離婚とは国際結婚のカップル又は日本に住む外国人のカップルの離婚のことを言います。
渉外離婚の準拠法は法の適用に関する通則法第２７条で、第一に夫婦の本国法が同一であるときにはその法律(共通本国法)により、第二にその共通本国法がない場合において夫婦の常居所地法が同一である時にはその法律(共通常居所地法）によるが、第三にそのいずれの法律もない時は夫婦に最も密接な関係のある地の法律(密接関係法）によるとされています。日本に住む日本人と外国人のカップルの場合、日本においては日本の法律が適用されますが、日本で有効に成立した離婚が外国人当事者の本国でその効力が認められるかどうかは、その本国の法律の定めによって異なります。
Types of divorce in Japan (Please refer to the Japanese Civil Codes - Family Law)
Divorce by consent A divorce in which the couple has mutually consented to divorce, and they go to the local municipal office for the documentary procedures.
Divorce by mediation If the marriage cannot be dissolved satisfactorily through divorce by consent, you can go to a family court for a divorce by mediation. At a family court, two mediators and a judge will listen to your partner and yourself separately and intervene in the divorce.
Divorce by legal suit If both sides cannot come to agreement concerning divorce in spite the mediation or mediation is considered impossible because the husband/wife is missing, the case is brought to the court for them to handle.

* In most cases, the Japanese law concerning divorce is applicable to the married couple of a Japanese national and a foreign national who are living in Japan. But, please note that divorce by consent accepted at a Japanese public office does not formulate a legally effective divorce in the majority of countries.
現在の入管法では、「日本人の配偶者等」の在留資格の有効期限までは、例え離婚が成立しても合法的に日本に滞在できます。しかし、離婚後には、速やかに他の在留資格に変更するか、帰国するかになります。該当する就労の資格のほか、あなたが日本国籍の子供の親権者となった場合や婚姻歴、日本での定住歴が長い場合、「定住者」への在留資格変更が可能です。詳しくは、行政書士などの専門家に相談してください。日本人と結婚して「日本人の配偶者等」の在留資格（いわゆる配偶者ビザ)を取得した人については、「永住者」ビザの許可基準の一つである日本での在留期間が緩和されます。婚姻期間が３年以上の場合は、「永住者」ビザへ変更できる場合がありますので、行政書士にご相談ください。
Under the present Immigration Law, if you have the status of residence of "Spouse or Child of a Japanese National", the Immigration Bureau does not cancel your visa within the period of its validity, even though you divorce a Japanese national. However, you need to change your status of residence after the divorce, otherwise, you have to leave Japan. You need to change your visa to some appropriate working visa. Or you may change to "Long Term Resident" visa, if you have parental authority, and take care of your children at your home, and your children are Japanese nationals. If not so, but you have been married and living in Japan for a long time, it may be possible to change your status of residence to "Long Term Resident". Please consult with a solicitor. If you are married with a Japanese national and have the status of residence of "Spouse or Child of a Japanese National", the necessary term of staying in Japan for applying for "Permanent Resident" visa is shortened. If you have been married for more than 3 years, you may change to "Permanent Resident" visa. Please consult with a solicitor.